Alkali-Silica Reaction: Causes and Solutions. B. Erlin Cross-section of concrete cracks caused by alkali-reactive chert and strained quartz. Filling the cracks and air voids is white alkali-silica gel. Alkali-silica reactivity, better known as ASR, has openly been with us since the early1940s when it was discovered in California and publicized ...
Damage due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete is a phenomenon that was first recognized in 1940 by Stanton [1,2] in North America and has since been observed in many other countries. Many studies [3,4,5] were published since Stanton's first paper, but
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7.1 Introduction: Recall from Chapter 1 that solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures that are mixed so thoroughly that neither component can be observed independently of the other. Solutions are all around us. Air, for example, is a solution. If you live near a lake, a river, or an ocean, that body of water is not pure H 2 O but most probably a solution.
Precipitated silica specifically useful in the paper industry and in particular in paper-coating applications for inject , is characterized by an uptake of DOP oil lower than 260 ml/100 g, a pore volume (V d25) of greater than 0.8 ml/g formed by pores having a diameter of less than 25 nm, a CTAB specific surface area of greater than 280 m 2 /g.
The cake was stirred for 10 minutes, and using ammonia water the pH level was regulated to 4.5. After that, silica suspension was filtered and washed to obtain a silica "cake" having a humidity of 80.8% at 105° C. Then silica was spray-dried and microgranulated, to obtain white microgranules of from 80 till 150 microns in size.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is a substance widely used for various purposes, for example, as a filler and pigment material not only in paper, plastics, rubbers, paints, and inks but also in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, construction materials, and asphalts and as a nutritional supplement in animal foods (1).Besides the so-called ground calcium carbonate (GCC), which is milled from natural limestone ...
Filtration can be compared to a sieve or micro-strainer that traps suspended material between the grains of filter media. However, since most suspended particles can easily pass through the spaces between grains of the filter media, straining is the least important process in filtration.
Solid red, black and blue lines show distributions of cell-encapsulating microgels exposed to 0.66, 3.3 and 17 g l −1 of CaCO 3 nanoparticles, respectively. Dotted black lines show distribution ...
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filter. The presence of calcium silicate leads to serious consequences for white mud. The black liquor after cooking is extracted, evaporated, and concentrated. Then black liquor is burned in the furnace and formed into solid melt. When the solid is dissolved in water, the resulting liquid is called "green liquor".
Handling of ''Unfilterable'' Suspension . 706 8.1. Optimization of Upstream Steps (Crystallization, Precipitation)..... 707 8.2. ApplicationofFlocculants(Polyelectrolytes) 707 ... approaches that of the incoming suspension. Cross-Flow Filtration. In cross-flow filtra-tion the suspension …
Membrane filtration can be carried out by means of two operating modes: dead-end filtration and cross-flow filtration (Fig. 2).In dead-end filtration, the feed stream flows perpendicular to the membrane and is forced through the membrane. In consequence, the retained components accumulate on the membrane surface forming a cake layer, resulting in a decrease of the filtration rate due to the ...
The HgNH 2 Cl is a white solid, while the Hg in a finely divided state appears black. The resultant mixture is gray to black. Add 3 M HCl to the solution to be tested for Hg 2 2+. If a white precipitate forms, centrifuge and remove the supernatant liquid. To the precipitate, add 6 M NH 3 and stir.
The suspension that is obtained in this manner is filtered as usual and rinsed with water. The filter cake with 18 % solids content is liquefied with aqueous sulfiiric acid and a shearing unit. The silica slurry with 16 % solids content is then spray-dried. The pulverulent product that is thus obtained has a BET surface area of 233 m /g, a CTAB
Our results confirm previous studies on methanol dehydrogenation over alkali-metal based catalysts, in which deactivation of the catalysts due to coking was reported. 23, 39, 40 The best FA yields of 20–30 % obtained with sodium-grafted silica catalysts were still much lower compared to the yields of up to 70 % reported by Ruf et al. for ...
This invention relates to manufacture of alkali metal silicate solutions; and it comprises a process of preparing solutions of sodium silicate, for example, from the usual silicate glasses which are produced by fusion methods; said process comprising preheating water to a temperature of at least about 1000 C. and contacting such a silicate glass therewith in the substantial absence of ...
The yield stress of fresh alkali-activated slag paste depends on the suspension composition, such as the composition of activator, the content of activator, the particle shape and grading [49][50 ...
Fig. 1. Sodium aluminate dosage vs. silica content in black liquor and pulp ash content. A favorable silica removal ratio can be obtained with the addition of sodium aluminate. However, the price of NaAlO 2 (AR) is 45 RMB / 500 g, and Al 2 (SO 4) 3 (AR) is 6.5 RMB / 500 g. Considering the cost factor, the desilication effects of aluminium ...
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The effects of silica fume and sodium silicate-based activators (SFA and SSA, respectively) with different Ms (SiO 2 /Na 2 O) values on the setting behavior, rheological, mechanical, and microstructural properties of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) were investigated. Setting time test results showed that the setting time of AASCs activated by SFA prolonged significantly with an increase of ...
Filter through Wlmi- man No. 42 filter paper, using a long-stem funnel. Wash the dish and undissolved material collected on the filter paper with additional 1 N hydrochloric acid until a volume of 500 ml. is collected in the volmnetric flask. Discard the undissolved residue. Put a 100-ml. sample from 500 ml. of the ash extract in a 250-ml.
Spherically-shaped silica can include a precipitated silica powder having a d50 particle size selected within a range of greater than 20 μm and up to 80 μm, a di-octyl adipate oil absorption selected within a range of from 150 ml/100 g to 500 ml/100 g, an average circularity selected within a range of from 0.70 to 1.0, and an angle of repose, of less than 30°.
The hydrophobic silica suspension was prepared by spraying 1.63 g of dimethyl polysiloxane having a viscosity of 50 centistokes on to 9.3 g of agitated powdered precipitated silica (QUSO G-30, Philadelphia Quartz Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103) and then roasting the sprayed silica for 5 hours at 405°-410° F. while water vapor was vented off.
The appropriate amount of aqueous alkali required to dissolve the sample the sample was added into it with constant stirring for 2 h. Then a few drops of concentrated H 2 SO 4 were added to it until the pH of solution becomes less than 4. The product was collected as white powders by filtration and dried at 50°C for 2 days.
Data represent mean (± s.d.) percent membrane-intact (black bars), protein tyrosine-phosphorylated (dark grey bars) and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa before (white bars) and after (hatched bars) calcium ionophore A23187 exposure (n=5 …
Black alum is the alum containing ... The ion binding selectivity of the polymer with alkali metals has ... monomer and studied its flocculation performance in colloidal silica suspension.
The results showed that the SiO2 content of white carbon black reached 98.48% when the NaOH solution with the rice husk ash was heated for 2 h at 90°C, then the pH of the solution was adjusted by ...
CMS Chlor-Alkali Silicone monomer Silica flour Fluoro-monomer Organic silicone: Crude rubber Silicone rubber Rubber compounds White carbon black, combustion method Other HFP R134a R439A R125 R142b R32 Aqueous dispersion Molding particles Molding micropowder Presinter materials Granulation material Concentrates Fluoropolymer Ion-membrane used in ...
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These authors reported that the silica content in the precipitate decreased when the pH of rice straw's alkaline black liquor was reduced from 7 to 2, and that the co-precipitation of silica with ...
Fumed silica is used to deplete lipids and hormones in Taqman assays of human hepatoma cells HuH-7 and human liver cell line HepG2. Preparation of epoxidized natural rubber/fumed silica composites have been reported. Interaction of Gemini surfactant C12-s-C122Br with aqueous suspension of fumed silica has been studied.